





3' ■ 


Y. 


. 




> 


J» 




' 


> 


• 




3 
> 


j> 



- 



- 
> - >> 



) -> 






LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

;A"5 

UNITED MATES OF AMERICA. 



»;>;> 




> 


, — * 




•;. 


* I . ' -*■•• 


Ji 


V. 


>v' > 


3k » 


i* i. 




>f" 


■ > -> > » 










. '-> ? 


'. ~>* iff \r 




>-> 








v > • > . - 






^ -3te>j> 






» 


i!? 




■ 






> 






2 > 






> * •«£> 






> o» • > 






A i*> 






> 






* ■» 







> ■> 



, >-.?> 
■ 
r> 3>3> _3 

• > 3> ..>. 



I?.. 

> 2 < 



>> 

3u 

3-' 
3» 






3*- > 



> ^> 



33 -- 



3\> ■ •" . •> .;> 



.X ! 2 J 



3 ■ 8» .:■ 

33 •■( ' 

31" 3* 

^a».3JDi- ■: as 
> :3* 3>3 ; ■ ® 

-33^ . & 
»■. I 

1^733 3'3- .. - 

3^ "353:33'' 3 

3^33*3S3^ ' 3 

, ; 3»;;); 






"5- - 2 s'S-- 
3> 336>33>:5» 

;3f*3;3333y>' 
■* "3S..--.3- 3^ 
fe>. : 3S>;33»»3m. '= 



:> ; 3>-.^ 
«. :':; 3"^;.;--.333i 
»3^iffX» 
:3> >jj.1g2E8§&> 



■ 

■ 

> 

■ 

a > j 

i >3> 

i 



3 3 



-> .' ■ Z3BSD : \"3> ■" '■> ^gjgs 



v.5> 



■ 3 "> .33" .J 5:.. : . % 

^- .3 . - > : >3J> 

■ >33a* y 3,320!fe-3\- : ."T£ 

■ > 3* r> 3 3.33>33 > . 

- j ■ y £*>":»:> 35 

- >-.3> 3"3> D§> 

33 > 2 ggj ■ ' 3.3>; 3> 

> :fc 3 v >-33j > - ^ 
> :> y> u?i333 : ,ss> 
■ 3, > \;ryy> ■■ y~- ■: & 









^ ■;_. 



» :- 



^ v 3^33>0 



1 : --33 
:;. ;;f333 

: .^>--3- - 

3^S^-3>- 

3»>3^ : .'aJ>- 






> '» -■■":> 

> 3> - ■ . 3 -.?:-' 

> 3 > .'<>;</«*■ 

> ^ : " \3jg» 
>> 3 i 3:>-'' >g» ■ 

> > - , J *, -rgT 

3 ; ;a >; 3>g»3 ■■"- 

> >■ ; 1U 

^ >. •-■ .;> ■ 



». 3 
> 3> 
> "^ : 

>~> ■ 

] 



■.3L>3 ..-- 

.33 -■ . 33 

5)"^ ;;. - 3r 

&'" ■ >.3 ; V 3p : 

'/ 3 3i> >' 35» 
,,i>- ."> ":■ !> 
->• >3: 33>. ■ 

■ 3^,3t> v r :3> ■ , 

> 3- 33^ ; 3. 

"3> ;> ■". :> ' - -3 
3 . ; >■ ■ 3 

> >;v : 33"' 
^ ; . ■-. • 3- 

.'■ » 9 ' 3> 



•>^ > 3t 



' 3 



:.- ;; ' _3' 



7 * 



THE 



1< 



PRIMARY GRAMMAR 



— OF — 



ALWATO, 



(Ahl-wah-to.) 

The new Scientific Universal Language, grow- 
ing out of the Principles of Universology 
( Alski— Ahl-skee. ) 

— BY — 

STEPHEN PEARL ANDREWS, 

Author of "The Basic Outline of Universology," Etc., Etc' 

Aided by the class of students of Alwato, at Hotel St. Elmo, 

130 West Brookliuc Street, Boston: a branch of 

the Normal University of the Pantarchy, 

(Washington, D. C.) 



BOSTON : • 

S. P. ANDREWS, Publisher. 



1877- 



THE 



PRIMARY GRAMMAR 



— OF — 



ALWATO, 

(Ahl-wah-t©,) 

The new Scientific Universal Language, growing out 
of the Principles of Universology (Alski— Ahl-skee.) 

— BY— 



STEPHEN PEARL ANDREWS, 

Author of "The Basic Outline of Universology/' Etc., Etc. 

Aided by the class of students of Alwato, at Hotel St. Elmo, 130 West 

Brookline Street, Boston : a branch of the Normal University 

of the Pantarchy, (Washington, D. C.) 





BOSTON : 

S. P. ANDREWS, Publisher. 



1877. 



^ 

^s 



<\> 



Copyright, 1877, fy/ Stephen Pearl Andrews. All rights resei'ved. 



INTRODUCTORY. 



Alwato is the One Language for the whole World, discovered 
to exist in the Nature of Things, and awaiting development merely, 
by the exertions of man ; as music always existed in the same 
sense, although there was a time when no science of music was 
known. The various peoples of the earth had imperfect systems 
of music, however, even then : and these were analagous with the 
naturismal languages, (English, French, German, etc.,) now ex- 
tant in the world. 

The One Alphabet for the Whole World (see adver- 
tisement at the end of this Grammar), is the proper initiation to 
The New Education ; not only for its own value and uses, as 
the means of writing and printing all languages, English and 
Alwato included, phonetically, that is to say correctly, but as the 
best sample of alphabetic knowledge generally. (Other things 
besides language have alphabets). The English Standard Pho- 
netic Alphabet may be substituted; and even the notes on pro- 
nunciation, in this Grammar, will suffice. 

What — the persou fresh to the subject will ask — will it profit me 
to study Alwato ? A hundred times more than it is possible to 
tell you ! until by its study you discover immense needs in your 
mental constitution, and power to communicate, which you do not 
now suspect, and which will he revealed to you by this study. 
Nobody thinks accurately - , except in Mathematics and Logic. 



INTRODUCTION. 

ver k„ow excep £ ■*» g ^ ^ ^ what th 

° ftbl s ng coi"w h t- magnetic telegraph are. in then- 
manner s compa,s, w unde „ tand his own language 
spheres No one ca U£>perb ^ it „ somet hi llg «o 
without ,t; and as a m ere Wer J. £ rf ^ fa „„.,„ 
be among the first to ■■aW A member f the 
is t0 be the *<- « ^J York Boston) will certify to 

° at S; labor of acquiring Alwato is estimated, variously, at one- 
, I ooetl rd or one-fourth, that of .acquiring any ordmary Ian- 
half, one-thud, exc i usio n of defective forms, irregu- 

guag e; on accoun of the exc » 

, itiesand ^^sitvXome thorongh.y learned 

r y ssrs^Xi*- « - — they 

will be constantly studied comparatively. 

This Grammar will be followed by Phrase Book, Readers Vo 
eaburiel Primary Dictionaries, etc., expanding as raptdly ; 
m ay be into The New Lexeme, to accompany The *e« 
Education, for the Planet. 



PRIMARY GRAMMAR. 



The several parts of speech and grammatical definitions are 
substantially the same in Alwato as in the naturismal languages. 

THE ARTICLES. 

The Indefinite Article is ' a ' or ' an ' (before a vowel), the same 
as in English 

Note on pronunciation. — The vowel ' a ' is to be carefully pro- 
nounced ah ! or like ' a ' in father. 

The Definite Article is ' el ' (or ' il ') freely reduced to the single 
letter 4 1.' which blends in with the previous or following words, 
.according to euphony. 

Note on pronunciation. — The vowel ' e ' is pronounced like the 
name of i a ' in English, (the first letter of the alphabet), like ey 
in obe^, and like French e. The vowel ' i ' is pronouuced like ee, 
or like ' i ' in pique, machine. 

NOUNS SUBSTANTIVE. 

Besides being Common and Proper, the nouns have also 
Gender, Number and Case, (as in other languages). 

The Gender is purely natural, as in English ; based on sex 
or the absence of sex. The usual masculine termination is 4 o '•; 
the feminine, ' a,' and the ending for common or indifferent gender, 
■ u ' ; as man,o, a man ; man,a, a woman ; and man,u, folks, (men and 
women, indifferently). The Neuter Gender has no special 
ending. 

Note on pronunciation — The vowel ' o ' is pronounced as usual 
in English ; the vowel ' u ' like oo in fool. 



6 THE PRIMARY GRAMMAR 

The Number of Nouns Substantive is Singular and Plural, 
(and also Collective). 

First Rule. — The plural is formed, as in English, by adding ' s/ 
as fit, fits, (feat, feats), if the final sound of the word is a thin 
consonant (k, t. p ; (;, th ; sh, s, f ) ; except that c, (tch), sh, and 
s, not readily assimilating a following ' s,' an ' e ' is first added 
which brings them under the Second Rule. 

Second Rule. — The s, to form the plural, changes to z when 
the word ends with a vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u, etc., or with a 
thick consonant sound — g, d, b • j, dh ; zh, z, v) ; except that j, zh 
and z, not readily assimilating a following z, -ez is added ; thus, 
nmn.dz. men; man.az, women; robz, robes ; bajez, badges. 

Note on pronunciation — The type c is used for the tsh-combi- 
nation of English, as in \v\fch. It the type is not at hand, use tsh 
instead. Th sounds as in th\ah, and sh as usual in English ; 
dh is used for the English th as in thy. 

The collective terminations are -io, -sma, and -smo ; or -zma 
and -zmo, as man,io, mankind. 

The Case of Nouns is very simple, but very varied and 
effective. AH case-relations may be denoted by independent 
prepositions, as is almost uniformly done in English ; as, by the 
house, on the table, etc. ; but if a case termination is preferred it 
is made by simply annexing the appropriate preposition, a* a post ~ 
position, to the noun ; sometimes inserting the vowel 'i' between 
* them for euphony, or as a connective ; thus raan,o,ki, of the man, 
man o,tu, to the man, man,o,ku, from the man ; Jon,i.ki, Johns, of 
John, etc. (See the prepositions.) 

. In this manner the number of cases of the noun is only limited 
by the number of simple prepositions, such as can be easily an- 
nexed to other words. 

ADJECTIVES. 

The Adjectives, as in English, have no grammatical agreement ; 
that is to say, they undergo no changes on account of the changes 



OF ALWATO. / 

of Gender, Number or Case of the Nouns to which they belong 
They have merely, therefore, Degrees of Comparison. 

COMPARISON. OF THE ADJECTIVES. 

The usual ending for the Positive Degree is -so, which may be 
contracted, when equally agreeable to the ear, to ' s ' ; as da,so or 
das, good; ga,so or gas, bad. The Comparative and Superlative 
Degrees are then, permissibly, formed as in English by -erand -est, 
or simply -r and -st, (as da,er or dar, better, da,est or dast, best,) 
but, more regularly, the vowel is placed after the consonant (or 
consonants,) making the more regular endings to be -re and -ste, 
as da,re, da,ste, better, best. Often, however, the Positive Degree 
has no distinctive termination, thus, tal, tal.re, tal,ste, tall, taller, 
tallest. 

The separate words in or and most, (or mo,re, mo, ste), may 
also be used like more and most in English, to form the Compara- 
tive and Superlative Degrees, and are especially convenient if the 
adjective has several syllables. 



THE NUMERALS. 

The Numerals, Cardinal and Ordinal, are as follows : 

Cardinal. Ordinal. 

91, (un, or -n) one. cit, (citso or ciso) first. 

twi, two. twit, (etc.) SECOND. 

tri, THREE. trit, THIRD, 

kwi, FOUR. kwit, FOURTH. 

kwin, (4 and 1) five. kwint, fifth. 

tritri, (3 and 3) six. tritrit, sixth. 

tritrin, (3 and 3 and 1) seven. tritrint, seventh. 

kwikwi, (4 and 4) eight. kwikwit, eighth. 



8 



THE PRIMARY GRAMMAR 



kwikwin, (4 and 4 and 1) nine. 
tinti, ten. 

tiuci, ELEVEN. 

tintwi, twelve, etc. 

tent;, twenty. 

tenti,ci, twentyonk, etc. 

ta-nti, thirty, (a as in man). 

tanti, forty (a as in ah !) 

funti, fifty (u as in uh). 

fonti, sixty (o like aw). 

tonti, seventy, (tone-ty). „ 

tunti, eighty, (too::-tv). 

tiunti, ninety, (tune-ty). 

tainti, a hundred, (tine ty). 

fointi, a thousand, (toy»n-ty). 

taunt 5 , ten thousand, (tah-oon-ty). 

tintaunti, a hundred thousand. 

tintinti, (for tintintaunti) a million. 



kwikwint, ninth. 
tintit, tenth. 
tin^it, eleventh. 
tintwlt, twelfth. 

tentlt, TWENTIETH. 
teuti,Clt, TWENTYFIRST. 
ta nilt, THIRTIETH, 
tantit, FORTIETH. 
t'Untlt, FIFTIETH, 
tontir, SIXTIETH, 
tontlt, SEVENTIETH, 
tuntlt, EIGHTIETH. 

tiuntit, ninetieth. 
taiutit, one hundredth. 
t-ointit, one thousandth. 
tauntit, a tenthousandtr. 
tintauntit, a hundred 



[thousandth. 



tintintit, a millionth. 



-:0:- 



Uns or cis, once; twis, twice; tris, thrice, etc.; <jin*k, (or 
twito), half; twitrk, one of a pair; trin*k, (or trito), a third; 
kwiirk, (or kwito), a fourth ; kwiniirk, (or kwinto), a fifth, etc. 






THE PRONOUNS. 

The Pronouns are, as in other languages, substitute words for 
Nouns ; and divide into Personal Pronouns, Possessive Prououns, 
Demonstrative Pronouns, Relative and Interrogative Pronouus, 
and Indefinite Pronouns. 



OF ALWATO. 
I. 

The Ordinary Personal Pronouns. 





First 


Person. 


Second Person. 


Third Person. 




NOM. 




OBJEC. 


NOM. 


OBJEC. 


NOM. 


OBJEC. 


Mas. 


yo, I; 




mo, vie; 


vo, thou ; 


zo, thee ; 


ro, he ; 


lo, him. 


Fer.i. 


ya, li 




ma, vie ; 


x&,thou; 


za, thee ; 


ra, she ; 


la, for. 


Mas. 


yi, we; 




mi, us ; 


vi, you ; 


zi, you ; 


4 'ri, Ztay ; 


li, them. 


Fem. 


ye, we; 




me, ms ; 


ve,you; 


ze, you ; 


re, they ; 


le, £Ae7tt. 


Indif- 


/ vn, 7 or 7ce; 


mu, me 


xu, thou ; 


zu, thee 


ru, he, she 


lu, Aer, him 


ferent. 


\ 




or us. 


or you. 


or you. 


or <Aey. 


or £fom. 



II. . 

Supplementary Personal Pronouns. 

nominative. objective. 

• Ru or ' r,' it, (usually omitted). Lu or ' 1/ it. 

Ruz, they, (neuter). L-uz, them, (neuter). 

Se, self; lo,se, himself; la.se, herself, etc. (See the Possessive 
Pronouns.) 

Note on pronunciation — The u-type, distinguished by a high 
period preceding it (*u) is " the natural vowel " of phoneticians, 
like 4 u ' in curd, or but. The o-type, distinguished in the same 
way (*o) is to be pronounced like ' aw ' awful or ' o ' in morn 

The Possessive Pronouns. 
The Adjective Possessive Pronouns, {my, thy, his, her, 
etc.) are formed from the Objective Personal Pronouns, (mo, ma ; 
zo, za ; lo, la, etc.) by adding the preposition ki (of) ; thus, mo,ki, 
my, lo,ki, his, l,ki, its, l'uzki, their (neuter,) lo,se,ki, his own, etc. 
Practically, this ending, -ki, is usually omitted, as it saves a syl- 
lable in these words of very frequent repetition, and as no ambig- 
uity results ; as when we'say her hoot, and I love her, in English. 
In the more general usage, therefore, the objective personal pro-" 
nouns are used likewise before their nouns, as adjective possessive 
as lo libro, his book, etc. 



10 THE PRIM ART GRAMMAR 

The Substantive Possessive Pronouns (mine, thine, tic.) 
are formed in the same manner by adding -io instead of -ki ; 
hus, mo,io, mine[; lo,io, his : la,io, hers, etc. 



THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. 

The Demonstrative Pronouns, (this, that, these, those, ) are c to ' 
this and ko that., before a noun singular. Before a plural noun k to ' 
reads these and ko those, as it is contrary to principle to repeat, 
unnecessarily, the sign of plurality ; thus, to librd, this book, to 
libroz, these books, etc. But when no noun follows toz is used for 
these and koz for those ; kox wi, these which, etc. # 

THE RELATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE 
PRONOUNS. 

The Relative Pronoun* are wi, which, (and permissibly, who 
whom,) wi.ki, of which, whereof-, wo, who and whom, and wo,ki, 
whose. The same are used interrogatively, wi ? which ? wo - 
who ? etc. Wa is what ? and wa,ki, of what ? The ending, - u,i 
or ~so,'u,i or -s.wi is equivalent to -ever or -soever in English ; a* 
wa,so,*u,i, whatsoever.' 



OF JLLWATO. 11 

THE INDEFINITE PRONOUNS. 

These are a miscellaneous group of words, conveniently thrown 

together under this designation. 

Al, all. Un (or ci) one, a certain one. 

tks(i). each. Sum, some ; sum,uu, some 

one. 

Alts(i), every. Sumpo, some person ; sumbo, 

somebody. 

iksi,un, each one. Ani, any ; ani,un, any one, 

Iksi, po, each person ; iksibo, each Ani.po, any person ; ani ho 
body. etc. any body. 

Altsi,un, altsipo, altsibo, every, etc. No,un, niln, none, n« one. 

Otr, other ; otrr, (others) Nopo, no person ; noho, no- 

body, 

Otro, the other, (male), otra, Pdts(i), or kiso, several. 

(fern.), etc. 

Mos(o), much. Nos(o), (a) little. 

5fo,ts(i), many. Nots(i), (a) Jew, 

Al,io,(^e) whole. Twlto, half, one half. 

Ksotr,(o, a, u,) either. * Noksotr,(o, a, u,) neither. 

809(1), such.% Stis(o), certain. 

Both, or boksO), both. 

THE VERBS. 

The Verbs in Alwato, as in other languages, hare Tense, Mode 
and Voice ; with the usual adjunct of Participles. 

THE TENSES. 

The entire structure of the verb rests on the three pivotal or 
leading Tense forms-— The Past, The Present, and The Fu- 
ture. These are formed by adding the vowel sounds 'a' for the 

Post, ' i * for the Present, and ' o * for the Future, to the root. 



12 i THE PRIMARY GRAMMAR 

The reason of this fundamental arrangement of the Tenses is 

this ; The three vowel sounds a, i. o, (pronounce them carefully 
ah, ee, o), are the pivotal vowel sounds of all languages, (or, as 
ir were, universally). Or' these, the *a' is made at the Hack- 
mouth, (or by opeiiinyr the mouth wide and deep into the throat): 
' i ' is made at the Middle-mouth, (by pinching the sound small 
between 'the tip of the tongue and the teeth-and gum-) ; ami 'o' 
is made at the Front-mouth, by rounding and pouting ttje lips. 
Then, by the analogies of Univer<olo^y, what is rack, in posi^ 
ion, corresponds with what is BEHIND in space, and- with what 
s past (or behind us) in time, -whence -a is the true sign of Pdst 
Tims; what is Forth or Frontwise, in position, csrresoo i Is 
with what is before in space, and with what is future, in time ; 
.whence -o is the true sign of Future Time ; and, finally, what i- 
midwav:' or BBTWEE.si« position, corresponds with what is here 
in space, and with what is now, in time; whence -i is the true 
sign of the Present Tense or Timi. ■ 

The schema, of these three vowels, with reference to their poti- 
ons in the iiuuth, and their meanings in respect to time, is the 
olio wing : 

RACK MOUTH. MIDDLE-MOUTH. FRONT-MOUTH. 

(Past Time ) (Present Time.) (Future Time.) 

a i o 

To exhibit the Tense-and-Mod" forms most simply. Cor the be- 
ginner, it is better to use an English word, ' speak,' for instance, 
merely changing the spelling to ' spik ' (according to phonetic 
aws) ; so that the attention will be more concentrated upon the 
endings. (The true Alwat ) root for ' spik ' is * wat.') The 
three Pivotal Tense-forms of the verb are, then, as follows: 

Present Tense. Yo spik.i. J speak. 

Past Tense. Yo spik, a, I spoke (railed the Imperfect Tens 

Future Tense. Yo splk,o, / shall speak. 

'J ne above (and others of this typ<-) are what are called the 



OF ALWATO. 13 

Indeterminate Tense forms. There is another set, which maybe 
Mibstituted for them, (without changing the tense) called the De 
terminate Tense-forms (made in English by the Present Parti- 
ciple with an Auxiliary ) These determinate Teuse-forms are 
made, in Alwato, by adding -ni (or simply, i) to the other termi- 
nations thus : 

Present Tense. Yo spik,i,ni, I am speaking. 

Past Tense. Yo spik,a,ni, I was speaking. 

Future Tense Yo spik,o,ni, I shall be speaking. 

As all other tense-forms can be made determinate by this addi- 
tionfof -ni), we need not encumber the conjugation by auy fur- 
ther examples of the Determinate Tense-forms. 

The Present, Past and Future Tense-forms, are, in theory, each 
susceptible of a Present, Past and Future Tense-form of its own, 
sabdivisionally — making a Present Present, a Present Past,,a Pres- 
ent Future ; a Past Present, a Past Past, and a Past Future, and 
a Future Present, a Future Past, and a Future Future, (three 
leading and nine secondary Tense-forms, ) — the secondary forms 
made by repeating the three vowels i, a, o ; thus : 

Present- Present. Yo spiki,i, I speak or am speaking (just at 
this time). 

Present Past. Yo splk,i,o, lam just now going to speak. 

But the richness of Tense-forms so provided is greater than is 
usually needed ; and the ordinary Tense-forms, leading and second- 
ary,are reduced to seven in all, as shown in the Paradigm , on 
the fifteenth page. 

For remarks on the Tense-forms of other modes than the In- 
dicative, see what is said of those Modes respectively. . 

OF THE CONDITIONAL AND SUBJUNCTIVE 

MODES. 

These two Modes are best considered together, as they are very 
apt to appear conjoined, and as their names are derived from their 
Conjunction or yoking. In the compouud proposition: ' 1 should 



14 THE PRIMARY GRAMMAR 

speak Alwato if I knew it well enough, ' the first clause, which 
preceds and looks to the condition expressed by the Conjunction 
or connecting word (/"(which yokes the two clauses) is said to 
be in the Conditional Mode (the sign of which in English is 
' should ' or ' would, ' although these auxiliaries may come also in 
the English Subjunctive Mode, which is confusing); and the sec- 
ond clause (if I knew it, etc.), what follows the Conjunction if, 
and expresses the condition, is said to be in the Subjunctive Mode. 
This word Subjunctive means : Under the Yoke, and it is the Con- 
junction if which is the yoke, the Subjunctive Mode being sub- 
ject to or under it. 

The Conditional Mode is always denoted in Aiwato by the 
vovfel ' e,' and the Subjunctive Mode by * u,' inserted before the 
Tense-endings; thus: Yo spik,e,i, I should speak 4 , da yo no,u,i T 
if I knew {should know, or were to know.) 

The Tense-idea (the notion of time) is not so definite in these 
Modes as it is in the Indicative Mode. The Paradigm p. 15. 
will exhibit the several Tense-forms, with sufficient accuracy. 

THE IMPERATIVE MODE. 
The Imperative Mode commands, exhorts or requests. It ruug 
therefore, mainly^in the second person (the person addressed); and 
its form is then the same as that of the Indicative Mode Present, 
spik,i (speak), but without any Pronoun. The '-i,' may be omitted 
and the whole reduced to 4 spik.' In the other Persons, First and 
Second (more rare), the Subjunctive Sign, ' u,' intervenes, and the 
Pronoun is usually added ; thus spiku(i)yu, let us speak ; spik- 
u(i)ro, let him speak. 

THE INFINITIVE MODE. 

The Infinitive Mode merely names the action of the verb ; as 
1 to speak.' In English the sign ' to,' regularly accompanies it. 
Tm Alw.Mfo instead of ' to ' proceeding; the root '-yu ? follows and is 



OP ALWATO. 15 

joined to it, as spik,yu (to speak.) The Past Tense-form is then 
made by ' i ' between the ' y ' and '*u ' thus spik,yi,*u' to have spoken. 

THE PASSIVE VOICE. 

The Passive Voice (expressing that which is done to the sub~ 
ject) is made, throughout, by adding '-ta ' to the other endings, 
thus; to wato spik,i,ta, this language is spoken ; splkyi/u,ta to 
have been spoken, etc. 

THE PARTICIPLES. 

Instead of -ing (English) the Alwato Present-Participle ending 
is '-In' — spik^n, speaking. So splk,an or spik,i,an — having spo- 
ken (Past Active). The Past Participle (Passive) ends, normal- 
ly, the same as in English, in '-ed '; hence spik,ed, spoken. If con- 
tracted the 4 -d ' changes to 't' after the thin consonants (see Rules 
of the Number of the Nouns), thus spikt {spoken). 

NOUNS FROM THE PARTICIPLE. 

Certain important classes of Nouns are formed from the Parti- 
ciple thus : 

Spik,er, One who speaks, Speaker. 

Spikero, do. Male ; Spikera, do. Female ; Spikeru, indifferent, 
Spikinero, a male, who is now speaking. Spikinera, etc. 
Ti,spikedero, the male person who was addressed, etc. 

PARADIGM OP THE CONJUGATION 
OF THE VERB 

INFINITIVE MODE 

Present Tense— -spik,yu, to speak 
Past Tense — spik,yru to have spoken. 



16 THE PRIMARY GRAMMAR 

PARTICIPLES 

Present Active — spikin, speaking 
Past Active — splkian, havbig spoken. 
Present Passive — spikint being spoken 
Past Passive — spiked, spikt or splk,e spoken, 

INDICATIVE MODE. 

1. Present Tense — Yo (ya, yu, vu, ro, ra, ru,)j splk,i, I (1, 
we, you, he, she, they) speak or speaks. 

2. Present Past Tense (called Perfect,), Yo (ya etc.) 
spik,i,a, / (etc.) have spoken. 

3. Past Tense (called Imperfect,) Yo (etc.) spik,a, /(etc.) 
spoke. 

4. Past-Past Tense (called Pluperfect,), Yo (etc.) spik,a,a, 
(or spik,a,ka), /(etc.) had spoken. 

5. Past Future Tense (Back-dated Prospective,) Yo di,a, 
ke yo (etc.) spik,a,o, (I said) that /(etc.) should speak. 

6. Future (Present) Tense, Yo (etc.) spik,o, / (etc.) shall 
(or will) speak. 

7. Future Past Tense, (called Second Future) Yo (etc.) 
spik,o,a, /(etc.) shall have spoken. 

CONDITIONAL MODE. 

Present Tense — yo (etc,) splk,e,i, da, /(etc.) should speak if. 
Present Past — yo (etc.) splk,e,i,a, da, / (etc,) should have 

spoken . 
Past Tense — yo(etc.)spik,e,a, da. ] same as the two preced- 

but come after Past 



Past Past — yo (etc) spik,e,a,a, i ing, but 
•(or -aka) da. J Tenses. 



SUBJUNCTIVE MODE. 

Present Tense— da yo (etc.) spik,u,i if 1 (etc.) spoke, 
{should speak, were to speak); (or ke yo, etc. -that I should speak.) 

(1.) The ' k ' permissibly inserted, for euphony. 



OP ALWATO. 17 

* 

Present Past, da yo (etc.) spik,u,i,a, if (or that) / (etc.) 

had spoken, were to have spoken, should have spoken. 

Past Tense, dayo (etc.) splk,u,a. } Same as the two preced- 
Past Past, da yo (etc.) spik,u,a,a > ing, but come after Past 
(or spik,u,a,ka.) ) Tenses. 

IMPERATIVE MODE. 

1st. Person, spik,u,yo, let me speak. 

2nd. Person, splk or spik,i, speak. 

3rd. Person, spik,u,ro, etc. let him speak, etc. 

Remember, that the additional tense-ending '-ta - changes any 
form into the Passive Voice. 

There are no Irregular or Defective Verbs in Alwato. The 
verb of being (am, is, are, was, etc. — the verb to be) has 'I ' for 
its root, and needs to be partly conjugated, on account of its 
irregularities in English, all of which disappear in Alwato, thus : 



Eh 



Yo i,i, (permissibly pronounced yo, yi), lam. 
Vo i,i, thou art. 



§ Ro i,i, he is 






Ru i,i, they are 



w J Yo i,a, (permissibly pronounced yo ya,) I was. 



<s l 



Ru i,a, they were. 

Yo i,o, 1 shall or will he, etc. 



OF THE COMPOSITION OF ROOT- WORDS. 

The composition of the root-words of the language belongs 
appropriately in connection with the verb. In Latin, Greek and 
their daughter languages, the Infinitive-Mode-Form of the Verb 
serves as, at the same time, the root-word. In Sanscrit the 



18 % THE PRIMARY GRAMMAR 

root is apart, and is no particular part of speech. Alwato fol- 
lows the Sanscrit, in this particular ; though generally the simp- 
lest roots serve as Prepositions, Pronouns etc. (the hinge- words), 
and roots generally appear in the shorter form of the Imperative. 

MEANINGS OF THE VOWELS. 

All the roots of the language involve (except in certain con- 
tractions), some one of the eight vowels ; and the meanings oft 
these vowels, taken singly, are as follows: 

I, (like ee) being, entity, protension ; Length. 

e, (like -ay) siding, relation, branching ; Breadth. 

a # , (like ai in air) flatness, (2-dimension-spread), superficies,; 

DEGREE. 

a, (like ah ! ) substance, reality ; hight-and-depth ; Thickth. 

•u, (like uh !) profluency, current, stream ; Time. 

•o, (like aw) spread, expanse ; Space. 

o, front-presence, phenomenality ; Form, Idea. 

u, (like oo) askanceness, inclination ; Force. 

Scales of root-words are formed on these vowels corresponding 
with their meanings, thus: 

Sit, distance. Set, form (shape). Sa*t, color. Sat, weight, etc. 

I,zma, reality ; 1, zma, similarity ; I,so real ; i,so, similar, like. 

E,zma, relation ; e,zma, coincidence ; kl,zma, division, (divi- 
duality.) cleavage; lk,sma, individuality r ; ik, s ma, privation, (stop- 
ped, hindered or defeated individuality) etc. 

MEANINGS OF THE FOUR LEADING VOWEL 

DIPHTHONGS. 

iu (like -ew in few) joining, juncture, conjuncture-, Event. 

ai (like i in pine) undemeath(~ness) , bottom ; Ground. 

*oi (like -oy in boy) above (-?iess), top; Canopy. 

au (like -ow in how), collectivity of elements ; Ingredikncy. 



OF ALWATO. 19 

MEANINGS OF THE CONSONANTS. 

The syllable 'to-' is a mere stem to exhibit the consonant which 
follows. The ending '~ia* is equivalent to the ending, '-ness' or 
'-ism.* The consonant is in the middle and is thai to which the 
meaning attaches. 

1. Liquids. 

1. To-m,ia, withoutness ; Objectivity. 

2. To-rc,ia, withinness \ Subjectivity. 

3. To-w<7,ia, inter-ness, indifference ; Neutrality. 

1. 'CW,ia, entirety, unbrokenness ; Continuity. 

2. To-r,ia, partness, brokenness ; Interruption. 

2. Solids, 
j. Smooth Thin k, (c), t, (th), p. 

1. To-&,ia, cut division, departure ; " Cause.", 

2. To-£,ia, touch, atness, arrival; " End." 

3. To-jo,ia, division-and-unition ; hingswiseness ; "Effect." 

II. Smooth Thick — -g (hard), (j), d, (dh), b. 

1. To-^,ia, concrete division or departure — -Trunk. 

2. To-d,ia, concrete, atness or presence — Head. 

3. To~5,ia, concrete departure-and-atness — Body (man-like* 

or planet-and-orbit4ike.) 

III. Hough Thin sh, s, f. 

1. To-sh,\a, manifold cut, division ; Dispersion. 

2. To-s,ia, manifold punctation, or atness ; Collection. 

3. To^ia, manifold coUection~and-dispersion; Winnowing 

Process. 

IV. Hough Thick- zh, 2, v. 

1. To-zh,ia, manifold trunkiness ; Ramification {vegetable,) 



20 THE PRIMARY GRAMMAR 

2. To-z,ia, manifold headism ; Clumpiness (animal.) 

3. To-f,ia, manifold trunkiness-and-headism; Organization. 

EXCEPTIONALS OF THK SOLIDS. 

(Abstractoid.) 

To-f,ia. unity from dispersion; Onkness (out of the many.) 
To>*A,ia, crossing, as of rays in the pupil of the eye ; or of the 
nerves at the Punctum Vitas ; Decussation (of delicate or ab- 
stractoid lines.) 

(Concretoid.) 
To^ia, aggregation, clod, earth ; a Oneness of Concreteness. 
To-dh,\&, crossing or decussation of trunk or shaft-like objects; 
saw-horse arrangement. 

3. Ambigu's or Co- ales cents ; (weak conso- 
nants derived from the vowels.) 

To-A,ia, ('h' theoretically from 'a'; compare Hebrew aleph) ; hal- 
itus, breath, exhalation, inhalation, etc; inspiration, aspiration 
expiration, etc. Spirit ; everything aerial, ethertal, etc. 

To-^,ia, (from 'i'); radio -centricity, radiancy, as of the sun or a 
star ; or of the centering conscious spirit in man (at punctum 
vitae), or of God in the universe ; Personality, self-hood, re- 
presentative personality, as we call a great actor "a star," etc. 

To-w,ia, (from 'u,' 'oo' or 'o'), bi-laterality, side-by-sid«-ness in 
proceedure, as of two friends walking and talking; wee-waw, 
exchange, reciprocation, conversation, Language. (Wato, a lan- 
guage ; Al,wato, the Universal Language.) 

THE PRINCIPAL PREPOSITIONS (and allied words) 

Back-mouth— k — distance. Middle -mouth — t — presence. Front-mouth— p — hingwise. 



Ki, of, (partitive.) « Ti, at, Pi, in connection ivith. 

Ke, that, (conj.) Te, at the side of. Pe, in correlation with, 

Ka # , off" from the surface of Ta*, at the surface of. Pa - , skimming along. 

Ka, down, (prep. & adv.) Ta, up, (prep. & adv.) Pa, stepping along. 

Ku, then, (adv.) Tu, now, (adv.) Pu, during. 



OF ALWATO. 



21 



Ko, there, (adv.) 

Ko, that, (demon, pron.) 

Ku, from, 

•Oi, over. 
Ai, under. 



To, here, (adv.) Yo,intheneighborKd of. 

To, this, (demon, pron.) Po, in regard to. 
Tu, to, Pu, for. 

:0: 

Tu. in conjunction with. 
Au, in the composition of. 



Ant(i), on. 
Tant(i), upon. 
Kant(i), down upon. 
Pant(i),y?a£ upon. 
A-,nt(i), over against, 

opposite to. 
Ka,mai, on the ground. 
Im, out. 
In, in. 

Int(i), within, inside of. 
Imp(i), outside of. 
Iirk(i), or twin, between. 
Bi, by. 

Di, about, concerning, of 
Gi, against. 



•:o: 



Midstini, in the midst of 

Minstini, by means of 

K'oi, above, quite above and beyond % 

Kai, below, underneath. 

Ta,moi, over head. 

Sa, with. 

Sa,ma, together with. 

Sha, without. 

Tra, among. 

Tru, through. 

Pre, at hand, near, close by. 

Pro, before, forth, in front of 

Pra, behind, back of 

Shi, before, prior to. 

Si, after, following. 



Ga, notwiths'ding, despite of. Fi, in consequence of 
De, besides. Fe, according to. 



THE PRINCIPLE CONJUNCTIONS. 

1st Class followed by Indicative Mode* 

I, and, (changed to, ' e,' before a word beginning with ' i.') 
O, or, (changed to ' u ' before a word begining with *o.') . 

I. re o,re either or, (contracted to Ir or.) 

Ni,re no.re, neither nor, (contracted to nir nor.) 

Keng, than, (the 'ng' is omitted, making the form the same as 

ke ' that ' as in French ,except in the combination keng 

ke ' than that' 
os, as ; os- 
so, so ; so- 



-os, as- 
■OS, so— 



■as. 



-as. 



so, ke, so that ; so, mos ke, so much that. 

pos,i, perhaps. 

sins, iwu sins ; since, ever since. 

ko.fi, therefore, wi,fi, wherefore. 

os ul os, as well as. 



22 THE PRIMARY GRAMMAR 

2nd Class -followed by the Subjunctive Mode. 

su,ke, fino,ke, in order that. 

ne ; su,ke -no, lest ; in order that -not. 

! ke, oh! that ; ohala ke ! would to God that / 
ra,tre keng ke, rather than that* 
os da, as if ; os do, as though. 
da ke, on condition that. 

3rd Class — —followed by the Indicative or Subjunctive Mode. 
Da, if; do, though ; al,do, although ; a*s da, even if. 
da,no, unless ; kail or kau,ke, because ; for. 
nobsta ke notwithstanding that ; til, till, until. 
wul, while. 

ADVERBS (Seethe Prepositions.) 

ti,so,li, certainly; ki,so,li, severally; pi,so,li connectedly. 

te,so,li, collaterally ; ke,so,li, directly ; pe,so,li, correlatedly . 

i,moto to-day ; amoto yesterday ; bmoto to-morrow. 

o,motino, to-morrow morning, etc, 

o,motinito, to-morrow morning early, etc. 

fro, forth ; tu i fro, to and fro ; tothkoti, to and fro. 

t* oti;k*6ti, here and there ; futi;k-uti, now and then. 

RELATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE ADVERBS 
AND PRONOUNS. 

vvi, wfyich ; we, how ; wa, what; wu, when; wo, where: 
wo, who or whom ; wu to what purpose ; wai, why. 

THE LORD'S PRAYER. 

Patro rau wi ii *oi,o,ni, San- Our Father which art in hea- 

ti,fu,ta zo nam, vin.u zo do,k>. ven, Hallowed he thy name. 

Fa,u,ta zo vul ai,io, os *oi,io- Thy kingdom come. Thy will 

ni. Da mu o,ji mu bred ojis, i be done in earth as it is in hea- 

kuda mu mu tre,gots, os yu kuda, ven. Give us this day our daily 

i koz wi tre,go,i mu,gi. I no lld,i bread. And forgive us our debts, 

mu ntu tentat, ba ku,livr,i rau as we forgive our debtors. And 

ku gaziua. Kau zo,io ij 1 do,io, lead us not into temptation, but 

po,io, i, glof,io, i,e i,wu,pu; deliver us from evil. For thine 

amen. is the kingdom, and the power, 

and the glory, for ever. Amen. 






OF ALWATO. 23 

Note. Students, by the aid of this little Grammar alone, can be- 
gin, at once, to write and speak Alwato. As Alwato adopts the 
words of all languages, the English student has only to take Eng-. 
lish words, spelling them as they sound, by the aid of the letters 
as given and used in this Grammar; and, throwing out the auxi- 
liary Verbs, do, have, has, shall, will, would, etc., use the Verb- 
endings of the Paradigm of Conjugation (p 15), instead. New- 
ly coined roots, and improvements of old words by slight alter- 
ations, he will learn afterwards. 

ADVERTISEMENT. 1 

The Basic Outline of Universology ; An Introduc- 
tion to the Newly-discovered Science of the Universe ; 
its Elementary Principles ; and the Primary Stages 
of their development in the Special Sciences. By 
Stephen Pearl Andrews $6.00 

The Primary Synopsis of Universologit and Al- 
wato (pronounced Ahl~wah-to)j the Scientific Uni- 
versal Language. By Stephen Pearl Andrews. $1.50 

The English Standard Phonetic Alphabet (Pri- 

mary view.) . . . .......... $0.25 

The One Alphabet (Book) for the Whole World $1.50 

The Alphabet of Philosophy $0.25 

The Primary Grammar of Alwato, giving an ade- 
quate introductory view of the whole language. . $0.50 

A series of articles, in exposition of Universology, is Tun- 
ing in The Index, Francis E. Abbot, editor, 
231 Washigton St., Boston. The New Age, John 
M L. Babcock Editor,* 235 Washington St., Bos- 
ton, and The Radical Review, Benj. R. Tucker 
Editor, New Bedford, Mass., will contain articles 
on different branches of The New Education. 

The back numbers (containing the articles) can be or- 
dered from the offices. 

/xdii/'ess -— - 

S. P. ANDEEWS, Publisher, 

75 W. 54th St. New York City, or 130 W. 
Brookline St., (Hotel St. Elmo, Suite 4) 

Boston. 



24 

" THE NEW EDUCATION " 

is a term technically employed to mean 

THE WHOLE WOitLD FULL OF PEOPLE 

converted into 
A GREAT PRACTICAL SCHOOL (OR UNIVERSITY) 

Constantly in Session, and teaching the Elementary Knowledge 
of Every Subject, to Every Body ; Old People, and Young 5 
Men, Women, and Children ; hy means of Alphabets, Primers, 
Elementary Grammars, etc. of Every Branch of Knowledge, 
Philosophical, Scientific, Practical and Artistic ; and by Lec- 
tures and Lecturers, Demonstrations, Object-teaching, Apparatus, 
etc., etc., adapted to the needs and capacities of 

THE WHOLE PEOPLE, 

and with the aid of Periodicals, which shall guide to precise know- 
ledge, answer all inquiries, etc. 

The New (Pantarchal) Education begins at the two ends of 
Knowledge ; first in the Alphabets or Least Elements of every 
department, and of Universal Things— 05 the Lower End of 
Knowledge (the Principles of Univei>ology)»; and then, with 
their application, at once, in the Highest Realm of Affairs ; 
namely the Knowledge of how to speak truely, or communicate 
ideas correctly (by the aid of the new scientific language) ; of 
How to Live, rightly, etc. — as the Highest end of Knowledge. 
The Special Sciences, Arts, Trades, Accomplishments, etc. fill in 
the Middle Ground between these extremes j and must be sought 
by each person according to opportunity, uses and taste. 

Note. The small works are purposely sold at relatively 
high prices, to procure a fund from those who buy, 
for the publication of numerous similar sheets and 
pamphlets, most of which must inevitably be dis- 
tributed gratis, during the earlier stages of the pro- 
mulgation of the new science. 

The Alphabet of Philosophy is the Essence of 5000 Vol- 
umes stewed down, into 4 pages. It is of course difficult and 
should be read and re-read, after intervals, many times. 



c 

-c 

m 






c 

<■ 







• 






«:: < 






CK 






<t:*r. 






<! 






« 


c ' 






«r< 


( 


cV 


«c«r 


( 




« 












**;< 








< 


1 


CC« 


r 




** 


V 




; «fl3<; 


< 




V 






•■■o 


i 





^ 






• " • 








EC< 


• 


SO- 




«£•' 


1382 




.-/•'_ 


i.: 




'Z. 1&1 <tt 


3 C2 




"*"(.' 


<jkl. 






■ .■>iti- 


. 


, ■ ' 


<H*C ' 




S^^^^RfBE^^fl 


^ 




T^MT </ 


«: 






<' 




« 5 


«CL. 


: 


<•. 


«K«- 




C 


4 
«SC£. 

c 




' r -: 


< 


C 




! 


■ 




«£.' 


. 




I ■ 






tf 


■ 



CXSC 



^T- <~*^H 



- 
( 

r 


< 




t 


4 


4T 




^^r 



c 





C 


C 






c 




C « 


c 


■*(^" 


< i 


■ 


<l 


•jC" 




•'<-. 


c 




c 


C <* 




'C 







C 

i r c 



" 









^ 















*4: 



CI v.. - ,. 

C- -" : < ' ' ' 
••: T Or :. erP- 






' ■; s 






-.1 «- «a*se: 



' - \ 

«a I : 

■ ■-, ■ <.<- ■ - 



- 

< : 



c 



v .c. • 



<WC'. v " «=£ 









